How does space affect the human body? - infographic

2017-11-24 - Space has tremendous effects on the human body! As we prepare for journeys to more distant destinations like Mars, humankind must tackle these risks to ensure safe travel for our modern explorers. The impacts of microgravity mirror aging and the complications of a sedentary lifestyle. By studying astronauts' health, we also help people on Earth. (Credit: Canadian Space Agency)

Space has tremendous effects on the human body! As we prepare for journeys to more distant destinations like Mars, humankind must tackle these risks to ensure safe travel for our modern explorers.

The impacts of microgravity mirror aging and the complications of a sedentary lifestyle. By studying astronauts' health, we also help people on Earth.

• Blood
  • Blood cell production in the bone marrow is affected. Reduced red blood cells can cause anemia. Low white blood cell count leaves the body vulnerable to infection and is also linked with increased sensitivity to radiation.
• Radiation
  • Radiation doses are much higher. Overexposure can cause cataracts in the eyes, damage DNA, and increase the risk of cancer.
• Brain
  • Astronauts' sense of perception and orientation can become confused. They sometimes misinterpret the direction and speed of their movements. Some even experience "space sickness."
• Heart & blood vessels
  • Blood vessels stiffen and age faster, and astronauts can develop insulin resistance, which may lead to Type 2 diabetes. These factors increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
• Muscles & nervous system
  • Muscles lose mass and strength. Reflexes slow down and exercise tends to be less effective in space.
• Bones
  • When they don't bear weight, bones lose density and strength. While adults past age 50 typically lose about 1% each year, astronauts in space can lose up to 1.5% of their bone mass each month.