On Earth
Space mission simulations
Astronauts take part in simulations of long-duration missions in hostile environments similar to those found in space.
These "analogue" missions involve real risks. They prepare astronauts for the extreme conditions that await them in space.
Services and information
CAVES underground expedition
Astronauts become "cavenauts" during an expedition that simulates the challenges, the science and the actual dangers of space exploration.
NEEMO underwater expedition
The Aquarius underwater laboratory provides space explorers with an environment similar to that of the International Space Station.
Training in geology
Geology training on Earth enables astronauts to learn techniques that can be applied to future planetary exploration missions.